Jumat, 19 Agustus 2011

UNIVERSE
Totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and content of intergalactic space
UNIVERSE
COMMUNITY
POPULATION
ORGANISMS
Organs
Tissues
Cells,
Molecules
PenciptaanobyeksbghasilmanifestasibudayaBIOSPHERE (Ecosystems)
EARTH: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, hydrosphere
GALAXY, PLANETS, STARS
Awareness
Knowledge
Attitude
Skills
Participation
SUSTAINABLEENVIRONMENT
HUMAN
(ACTIVITIES)
Universe
Galaxies
super macroSolar systemASTRONOMI
Planets
Earth ------------SAINS KEBUMIAN
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Macro world Population SAINS HAYATI
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Micro worldCells
MoleculesUniverse
Galaxies
super macroSolar systemASTRONOMI
Planets
Earth ------------SAINS KEBUMIAN
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Macro world Population SAINS HAYATI
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Micro worldCells
Molecules
Universe
Galaxies
super macroSolar systemASTRONOMI
Planets
Earth ------------SAINS KEBUMIAN
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Macro world Population SAINS HAYATI
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Micro worldCells
MoleculesBIDANG AS, BUMI, SR:
1.Pengantar, galaksi& kosmologi
2.Bintang
3.Tatasurya
4.Dinamikabumi& Siklusbatuan
5.Siklusair & siklusatmosfer
6.Arts, Crafts, Design and The Environment
7.Understanding the impacts of lifestyles, behaviors and built environment to the earth
UTS / UA
BIDANG SAINS HAYATI:
1.Pengantar& konsepekosistem
2.Konsepekosistem, & koneksinyadengankehidupanmanusia
3.Komunitas, biodiversity danEvolusi
4.Se, molekuldanfaktorhereditas
5.Populasimanusia& Isulingkungan
6.Dampakkegiatanmanusiathdkualitaslingkungan
7.MasyarakatdanPembangunan berkelanjutanberwawasanlingkungan
UTS /UA
AA
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere:
ecosystems
Atmosphere
the earth’s life-support system
A system made up of a community of animals, plants and microorganisms interrelated together with its physical and chemical environmentChapter 19
Great Idea:
Ecosystems are ecological systems, interdependent communities of living things that recycle matter while energy flows through in a given area, their physical surroundings (environments).ECO-SYSTEM
SYSTEM -ECOLOGY
System -interaction (living & non-living)
System -interconnection
System -networking
System -symbiosis
System -nature
Konteksdalam4 dimensi(ruang& waktu), mencakupinformasitentang: komponen/strukturpenyusun, proses, fungsi, nilaisosio-ekonomi-ekologi(direct & indirect).Ecology
Science of Natural living systems
Ecosystems
Biotic and abiotic interaction, interconnection systems
Community
Producers, consumers, decomposersEcology
Science of Natural living systems
Ecosystems
Biotic and abiotic interaction, interconnection systems
Community
Producers, consumers, decomposersEvery Ecosystem consists of both living and nonliving parts
Energy flows through ecosystems
Matter is recycled by ecosystems
Every organism occupies an ecological niche
Stable ecosystems achieve a balance among their populations
Ecosystems are dynamic, not permanent, but change over timeAbiotic
Chemical and physical environment
Biotic
Living organisms
Ecological community
All in area interacting each otherFood Web
Interactions of organisms
Trophic Levels
Photosynthetic plants
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers
Most energy is lost as heat
10% is transferred17
Most energy in most ecosystems is stored in the bodies of primary producers. Only about 10 percent of the energy at one energy level passes to the next highest trophic level.Ecological niche
Mode of survival
Each plant/animal fills a niche
Organisms compete for dominanceEcological niche
Mode of survival
Each plant/animal fills a niche
Organisms compete for dominanceIt is virtually impossible to change on aspect of a complex system without affecting other parts of the systems, often in as-yet unpredictable ways.
Examples:
Everglades Restoration in FloridaIt is virtually impossible to change on aspect of a complex system without affecting other parts of the systems, often in as-yet unpredictable ways.
Examples:
Everglades Restoration in Florida
Lake Victoria in AfricaIt is virtually impossible to change on aspect of a complex system without affecting other parts of the systems, often in as-yet unpredictable ways.
Examples:
Everglades Restoration in FloridaLake Victoria
Largest freshwater lake in Africa
Introduced species
Nile perch (Ikan duri)
Aggressive predator
Algae blooms
Snail populations carry disease
Roasting fish
Decimated (Membunuh) forests
Increase in erosionSolid Waste
Nothing is ever thrown away
Landfills
Decay slowed enormously
Response
Recycling
Large depositories
% different kind of trashOzone
Molecule of 3 oxygen atoms
Absorbs ultraviolet radiation
The Ozone Layer
Detection
Aircraft sampling
Measure spectral lines from molecule
Stratosphere
Highest concentrationOzone
Molecule of 3 oxygen atoms
Absorbs ultraviolet radiation
The Ozone Layer
Detection
Aircraft sampling
Measure spectral lines from molecule
StratosphereThe Ozone Hole
Concentration of ozone reduced
Yearly occurrence over Antarctica
Linked to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Breaks apart O3molecule
Dealing with the Threat to the Ozone Layer
Reduction of CFCsBurning introduces chemicals
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur compounds
Hydrocarbons
Effects
Air pollution
Production of bad ozone
Acid rain
Reduction
Reduce emissions
Power plants
VehiclesGreenhouse Effect
Traps heat on earth
Global Warming
Climate change
3 main points
CO2is a greenhouse
gas
Burning fossil fuels increases CO2
Average global temperature has significantly increased
1990s warmest decadeMeasurements in 1958 read 316 ppm and increased to 370 ppm today
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 54.26Increased CO2levels
Responsible for temperature increase?
World’s Oceans
CO2exchange with atmosphere
Current circulation
Solar energy output
Varies over time
Impact
Warming of Northern Hemisphere
Ecological impacts
Meteorological impacts
Solutions
Kyoto accordRetreat
Accommodation
Protect
Soft
Hard
Highest concentration
Lake Victoria in Africa
Lake Victoria in Africa

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